Hackers And Crackers

Hacker:

Hacker, in computing, is a term that refers to a highly skilled computer expert. Depending on the field of computing it has slightly different meanings, and in some contexts has controversial moral and ethical connotations. On it's original sense refers to a person in any one of the communities and hacker subcultures. Computer hackers are also known as unauthorized users who break into computer systems in order to steal, change or destroy information, often by installing dangerous malware without your knowledge or consent. Their clever tactics and detailed technical knowledge help them access information you really don't want them to have.

Hacker culture, an idea derived from a community of enthusiast computer programmers and systems designers, in the 1960s around the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT's) Tech Model Railroad Club (TMRC) and MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. People involved with circumvention of computer security are  Hackers. This primarily concerns unauthorized remote computer break-ins via communication networks such as the Internet (Black hats), but also includes those who debug or fix security problems (White hats), and the morally ambiguous (Grey hats).

Types of Hackers:

A black hat hacker is an individual with extensive computer knowledge whose purpose is to breach or bypass internet security. Black hat hackers are also known as crackers or dark-side hackers. The general view is that, while hackers build things, crackers break things. They are computer security hackers that break into computers and networks or also create computer viruses. The term “black hat” comes from old westerns where the bad guys usually wore black hats and the good guys wore white ones.

White hat hackers also identify security weaknesses; but, instead of performing malicious attacks and theft, they expose the security flaw in such a way as to alert the owner that there is a breach so they can fix it before a black hat hacker can take advantage of it. Though they often start out as black hat hackers, white hat hackers sometimes are paid consultants or actual employees of a company that needs its systems protected.

Other types of hackers include: blue hat hackers & gray hat hackers. 

Blue hat hackers are security professionals that are invited by Microsoft to expose vulnerabilities in Windows products.

 Gray hat hackers are hackers that perform both malicious activities and helpful ones. The term "grey hat" or "gray hat" refers to a computer hacker or computer security expert who may sometimes violate laws or typical ethical standards, but does not have the malicious intent typical of a black hat hacker.

REFERENCE: 
1. Wikipedia
2. Various Research Conducted
3. Different persons by whom I got Information

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